A Single Meter on a Power Line Can Tell You What's Happening Inside a Building Without Anyone Seeing the Equipment. It Was Invented to Study Dishwashers.
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring, developed at MIT in the early 1980s to study residential energy use, reads a building's aggregate electrical signature from a single point on the power line to infer what's happening inside -- no access to the equipment required. IAEA nuclear safeguards use a version of the same logic, tracking enrichment facilities' power draw as one input for estimating output. A third, distinct kind of trust from Trusted Foundry and TEMPEST: not who built it, not does it leak -- what does the whole facility's power draw reveal from outside the walls.
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