Every regional tech hub this site has traced so far started the same way: federal defense money, funneled through a university, into companies built by the same engineers doing the classified work. Portland broke that pattern entirely. Tektronix started in 1946 in the basement of co-founder Jack Murdock's house on Portland's Foster Road -- four men building oscilloscopes, no government contract, no research university behind it. Tektronix grew into the world's leading test-instrument maker, and over the following decades an estimated 300 companies trace their roots directly back to it -- employees who left to found Mentor Graphics, Planar Systems, Pixelworks, Lattice Semiconductor, and dozens more. Portland's tech identity, the "Silicon Forest," was seeded entirely by spinout culture, not federal money. Intel arrived later, in 1974, building its first Oregon fab in Aloha -- and has since invested $65 billion in the state, making its Hillsboro campus the company's single largest manufacturing site, employing 22,000 people directly and supporting another 100,000 jobs. Two completely different mechanisms, run one after another, on the same ground.