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Silicon Valley's Largest Employer for Decades Wasn't a Tech Company. It Was a Missile Plant.
The garage-startup story leaves out the tenant that mattered most. In 1951, Stanford engineering dean Frederick Terman built Stanford Industrial Park specifically to keep graduates local -- and its first tenants included Lockheed alongside Hewlett-Packard. By 1959, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company employed nearly 20,000 people in Palo Alto and Sunnyvale building submarine-launched nuclear missiles; it peaked near 30,000 and was Santa Clara County's largest employer for decades, before the personal computer industry ever took over. A few miles away, SRI International -- founded by Stanford in 1946 -- ran the DARPA-funded lab that unveiled the computer mouse and graphical interface in 1968, then became the second node of ARPANET in 1969, the same year Moffett Field's Navy air station sat at the Valley's geographic center. Silicon Valley is the region this site keeps using as everyone else's comparison baseline for "not a smaller version of the Valley" -- and its own foundational anchor was defense money and federal labs, the identical mechanism this site already traced in San Diego and the DMV.
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Where this connects
Twice the venture density sits in the Valley. What sits in the DMV instead doesn't have a name yet.
Cross-referencing this site's own company graph, the DMV has less than half Silicon Valley's venture density — 24 percent of DMV companie...
The Navy Built the Base. San Diego Built Two Industries Next to It.
Naval Base San Diego was already the largest naval base on the West Coast before any tech or biotech company existed there — 1,600 acres,...
Boston Got There First. Then It Lost the Lead to Silicon Valley on Purpose.
Route 128, completed in 1956, was the nation's first real high-tech corridor -- built on the same defense-money mechanism this site alrea...
Portland's Tech Industry Started in a Basement, Not a Defense Contract
Every regional tech hub this site has traced so far started the same way: federal defense money, funneled through a university, into comp...
Silicon Valley's First Hard Drive Was Built by a Company Born in Upstate New York
IBM was founded June 16, 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in Endicott, New York, and was renamed IBM in 1924. When IBM ...
IBM Anchored Research Triangle Park for 60 Years. It's Packing Up the Same Year the Region Pulled In $10.8 Billion.
North Carolina's 1950s economy ran on tobacco, textiles, and furniture. In 1954 the state's own Research Commission concluded its most un...
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