Silicon Valley's Largest Employer for Decades Wasn't a Tech Company. It Was a Missile Plant.
The garage-startup story leaves out the tenant that mattered most. In 1951, Stanford engineering dean Frederick Terman built Stanford Industrial Park specifically to keep graduates local -- and its first tenants included Lockheed alongside Hewlett-Packard. By 1959, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company employed nearly 20,000 people in Palo Alto and Sunnyvale building submarine-launched nuclear missiles; it peaked near 30,000 and was Santa Clara County's largest employer for decades, before the personal computer industry ever took over. A few miles away, SRI International -- founded by Stanford in 1946 -- ran the DARPA-funded lab that unveiled the computer mouse and graphical interface in 1968, then became the second node of ARPANET in 1969, the same year Moffett Field's Navy air station sat at the Valley's geographic center. Silicon Valley is the region this site keeps using as everyone else's comparison baseline for "not a smaller version of the Valley" -- and its own foundational anchor was defense money and federal labs, the identical mechanism this site already traced in San Diego and the DMV.
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